Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a difference in how the brain develops and functions. In te ao Māori, it is often described as takiwātanga, meaning “in his or her own time and space,” reflecting that it is an integral part of a person’s identity, shaping how they think, learn, and experience the world.

Autism is not a disease, illness, or something to be “cured”, rather, it is a form of neurodiversity that contributes to unique strengths as well as challenges.

While ASD varies from person-to-person, some common areas of difference compared to non-autistic people include challenges with:

• Communication: understanding, using, and interpreting language and social cues

• Social interaction: making friends, fitting in, and navigating relationships

• Thinking and processing: approaching problems, interests, and learning

• Sensory experiences: heightened or reduced sensitivity to sound, light, textures, tastes, or movement

• Movement and play: engaging in physical activities and hobbies differently

Autistic people often have strong interests in particular topics, may repeat certain actions (such as hand-flapping or pacing), and usually prefer predictable routines. Sudden changes, new environments, or sensory overload can be especially difficult.

The amount of support needed varies greatly. Some autistic individuals may need minimal assistance in daily life, while others require ongoing help with learning, communication, and everyday activities. Caregivers play an important role in providing understanding, structure, and encouragement so that autistic people can thrive and use their strengths.

Useful links:

Autism (for Kids) | Nemours KidsHealth

Home - Autism NZ

ASD / Home - SPECIAL EDUCATION ONLINE

Altogether Autism - Trusted Autism Information and Advice

Supporting your child if they need extra help with their learning - Ministry of Education

About Autism Booklet - Parent to Parent

Listening to Families